YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM AND CHIROPRACTIC

YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM AND CHIROPRACTIC 

  Wow, the beginning of 2020 started with amazing news like Mariah Carey scoring another number 1 hit on the Billboard Charts with "All I Want for Christmas Is You."  However, as January closed and February hit, news of the infamous Coronavirus (COVID-19) has been sweeping the news outlets and social media like wildfire.  In fact, recently the World Health Organization announced the virus to be a pandemic! As a chiropractor, I thought it would be important to discuss how chiropractic can play a role in all this crisis.  

  Chiropractic adjustments have been shown to boost the coordinated responses of the nervous system and immune system by enabling optimal nerve signals throughout the body. The nervous system controls all organ function of the body.  Spinal misalignment, also known as subluxations, cause compression and irritation of the nerves. The nervous system controls the function of lymphoid organs such as the spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow that produce the body’s immune response. Logically, this means that spinal misalignment create conditions that lead to reduced immune function and increased susceptibility to a variety of diseases. It is literally black and white, spinal subluxation/ spinal misalignment deceases the body to function optimally.  

  Now you must be wondering where all the research and evidence is behind chiropractic spinal adjustments boosting ones immunity.  A significant amount of evidence based research suggests that chiropractic adjustments may lead to a boost in antibodies that linked to the immune response.  Additionally, spinal manipulation may enable the increase of the creation of tiny cells called leukocytes which support the white blood cells in fighting off a threat.  

  Chiropractic care was first linked to improved immunity during the deadly flu epidemic of 1017 and 1018. The unexpected outcome was; chiropractic patients fare better than the general population. This observation spurred a study of the field. The data reported that flu victims under chiropractic care had an estimated 0.25 percent death rate, a lot less than the normal rate of 5% among flu victims who did not receive chiropractic care.  

  One study , from the National College of Chiropractic in Lombard, Illinois, found that disease-fighting white blood cell counts were higher just 15 minutes after chiropractic manipulation was applied.  

  A similar study investigated the immune system response in HIV- positive patients under chiropractic care. After six months of treating spinal misalignment, the group receiving the chiropractic treatment showed a 48% increase in white blood cell counts.  Conversely, the group that did not receive chiropractic manipulation experienced a 7.96% decrease in immunity cells.  

  Another study in 1992 measured 107 individual who had received long-term chiropractic care. The chiropractic patients were shown to have a 2200% greater immune competence than the people who had not received chiropractic care, and a 400% greater immune competence than the people with cancer or serious diseases.  

  For the same reason inflammatory based disease is influenced by both the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Nerve stimulation directly affects the growth and function of inflammatory cells. Researchers found that dysfunction in this pathway results in the development of various inflammatory syndromes such as rheumatoid arthritis and behavioral syndromes such as depression.  

  Chiropractors analyze the spine for subluxations and give corrective adjustments to reduce the stress on the nervous system.  These immunological changes show us why chiropractic does more than decease pain and improve mobility, it is essential to overall wellness and boosting your immune system!

 ChiropracTED is  here to help you. We will get you on the road to optimal health.  

Call (702) 277-1371 to schedule your appointment today!

References: 

1. Leboeuf-Yde C, et al.
   Self-reported Nonmusculoskeletal Responses to Chiropractic Intervention:
   A Multination Survey
   J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2005 (Jun); 28 (5): 294–302
2. Leboeuf-Yde C, et al.
   The types and frequencies of improved nonmusculoskeletal symptoms
   reported after chiropractic SMT.
   JMPT, 1999;22(9):559-64.
3. Bronfort G, Haas M, Evans R, Leiniger B, Triano J.
   Effectiveness of Manual Therapies: The UK Evidence Report
   Chiropractic & Manual Therapies 2010 (Feb 25); 18 (1): 3
4. Brennan PC, Kokjohn K, Kaltinger CJ, Lohr GE, Glendening C, Hondras MA, McGregor M.
   Enhanced Phagocytic Cell Respiratory Burst Induced by Spinal Manipulation:
   Potential Role of Substance P
   J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1991 (Sep); 14 (7): 399–408
5. Brennan PC, et al.
   Enhanced Neutrophil Respiratory Burst as a Biological Marker for
   Manipulation Forces: Duration of the Effect and Association
   with Substance P and Tumor Necrosis Factor
   J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1992 (Feb); 15 (2): 83–89
6. Selano JL.
   The Effects of Specific Upper Cervical Adjustments on the CD4 Counts
   of HIV Positive Patients
   Chiro Res J 1994; 3 (1): 32–39
7. Teodorczyk-Injeyan JA, et al.
   Spinal Manipulative Therapy Reduces Inflammatory Cytokines but Not
   Substance P Production in Normal Subjects
   J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2006 (Jan); 29 (1): 14–21
8. Fiorentino PM, Tallents RH, Miller J-nH.
   Spinal interleukin-1B in a mouse model of arthritis and joint pain.
   Arthritis Rheum, 2008;58:3100-9.
9. King K, Davidson B, Zhou BE, Lu Y, Solomonow M.
   High magnitude cyclic load triggers inflammatory response in lumbar ligaments
   Clin Biomech, 2009;25:792-98.
10. Terrett Ac VH.
    Manipulation and pain tolerance.
    Am J Phy Med, 1984;63:217-25.
11. Giles LG, Muller R.
    Chronic Spinal Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial
    Comparing Medication, Acupuncture, and Spinal Manipulation
    Spine 2003 (Jul 15); 28 (14): 1490–1502
12. Mohammadian P, Gonsalves A, Tsai C, Hummel T, Carpenter T.
    Areas of Capsaicin-Induced Secondary Hyperalgesia and Allodynia
    Are Reduced by a Single Chiropractic Adjustment: A Preliminary Study
    J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004 (Jul);   27 (6): 381–387
13. Omos G, MD, et al.
    Reduction in high blood TNF-a levels after manipulative therapy
    in 2 cervicogenic headache patients.
    J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009 (Sep); 32 (7): 586-91
14. Roy RA, Boucher JP, Comtois AS.
    Inflammatory Response Following a Short-term Course of Chiropractic
    Treatment in Subjects with and without Chronic Low Back Pain.
    Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 2010 (Sep);9 (3): 107-114
15. Teodorczyk-Injeyan JA, Injeyan HS, McGregor M, et al.
    Enhancement of in vitro interleukin-2 production in normal subjects following
    a single spinal manipulative treatment.
    Chiropractic & Osteopathy 2008;16:5.
16. Teodorczyk-Injeyan JA, et al.
    Interleukin-2 regulated in vitro antibody production following
    a single spinal manipulative treatment in normal subjects.
    Chiropractic & Osteopathy 2010;18:26

What To Do If You Are In A Rainy Day Car Accident

What To Do If You Are In A Rainy Day Car Accident

According to the Federal Highway Administration, roughly 22 percent of car accidents are weather-related, with the lion’s share related to rainfall. Car crashes usually go up on a rainy day in Las Vegas, and Tuesday saw rain along with a 30 percent increase in collisions.

The Nevada Department of Public Safety said low visibility and slick roads were the main factors.

Often time accidents can be minor and handled in small claims court.  However, what should you do if you are injured in a car accident?  Seeking a personal injury attorney can help you recover the compensation you deserve.

If you have been in an accident that was not your fault, you may be eligible for damages.

If you were injured in a car accident, you can ask the other drivers insurance to pay you a cash settlement. If that driver was not insured, you may request this settlement against your own under-insured motorist coverage on your own insurance, if you have this coverage.

Insurance companies may put pressure on you to rush the process after you have been in an accident.  They may make you feel that you do not have a case and that you will not be awarded any financial compensation for your accident.  There is no rush but you do need to be aware of your state’s Statute of Limitations.  The Statute of Limitations means that you must file a lawsuit or close or settle your case within your state time limits. The time clock starts on the day of the car accident. In Nevada the statute of limitations is 2 years for injury and 3 years for property damage. To learn more about your State’s insurance rules and regulations visit Nevada State Website for Insurance Questions.

After a car accident NEVER sign any documentation with the insurance companies in exchange for cash, until you have finished your medical treatment. By contacting a personal injury attorney you will be protected through this process.

After you sign a release to close this case, no matter how serious your injuries in the future, you cannot go back for more treatment, or compensation, even if you made a mistake.

How To Make Sure You Receive Proper Compensation After A Car Accident

• File a police report.
• Seek medical attention quickly.
  • Visit the emergency room, your chiropractic physician, or primary care physician as soon as possible after an accident if you are injured. 
• Be aware of any pre-existing injuries that you are claiming became worse as a result of the accident.
  • Ask your physician to take new x-rays or ultrasounds of those injured areas. Comparisons in the pre-accident and post-accident scans can help show that the accident caused additional damage to the area. This will be crucial in court.
• Avoid emotional statements that you make to other drivers or passengers after the accident.
  • Keep in mind that although your emotions might be intense following a car accident, you should avoid making promises or statements of blame.
• Take witness testimonies.
• Take photographs of the accident scene.
• Gather up any records and documents that validate the number of days and wages you lost due to the accident.
• Be aware of any personal injury limits written into your car insurance policy.
• Take notes on anything you can remember about the accident as soon as you are physically able.
• Document your injuries.
  • Take photographs and get medical attention to provide evidence of the seriousness of your injuries.
• Contact witnesses.
  • If you collected witness contact information at the time of the accident, contact them as soon as possible to get their observations down on paper.
• Return to the scene of the accident to search for and take pictures of evidence.
  • You may notice something, such as a dirty traffic sign, that led you to make a driving mistake and get into a car accident.
    

Damages In Car Accident Personal Injury Cases

Damages refer to the cost of your injuries. These can be a direct financial cost or an emotional and indirect cost.

• Direct damages.
  • Cost of medical bills.
  • Lost wages.
  • Loss of earning capacity.
  • Property loss.
• Indirect damages. 
  • Pain and suffering.
  • Emotional distress.
  • Inability to have children as a result of accident-related injuries.
  • Loss of an extremity.
  • Loss of consortium, if the accident caused a strain on your relationship.
    

If the defendant was especially careless when causing the accident, you may also receive punitive damages, which are meant to punish the defendant, and are imposed by the court.

If you have questions about damages or your personal injury case in general, speak to personal injury attorney.

 ChiropracTED is  here to help you. We will get you on the road to recovery.  

Call (702) 277-1371 to schedule your appointment today!

PREVENTING A RAINY DAY las vegas CAR ACCIDENT

SAFE DRIVING TIPS FROM A Las Vegas ACCIDENT chiropractor

Rain has been the cause of thousands of car accidents year in and year out, and rain is especially dangerous in dry weather states like Nevada.  Dr. Teddy Sim and his team, here at the ChiropracTED, LLC are passionate about making sure that drivers stay safe and avoid dangerous interactions on the road. Here are several battle-tested strategies for how to navigate rainy weather driving, since many people forget how to drive in it.

When it rains, immediately switch into “safe weather driving mode.”

Turn down the radio, avoid talking on your cell phone (even on a hands-free headset), leave extra room between your car and the vehicle in front of you, and minimize the total amount of driving that you do. If you need to go to work, avoid excessive work related driving. 

Get into “wet weather driving mode,” even when the weather isn’t “that bad.” AKA- DRIVER SLOWER!

The initial rainfall that hits the roads within 30 minutes or 45 minutes after a long dry spell creates a serious hazard. The fresh water creates a super slick emulsion by mixing with tar, grease, debris and sand, creating conditions that can cause your vehicle to skid out or hydroplane easily. In other words, the roads don’t have to be totally flooded to present major dangers.

Make sure your car’s components are “up to snuff” – i.e. that they can handle the weather.

Your windshield wipers should be properly installed and appropriate for your vehicle. Your tires should have enough treading, traction and pressure to be safe. And your brakes and steering systems should also “good to go” for the weather.

Keep your eyes on the car ahead of you

In the rain, it is often hard to see very far ahead of you.  It helps to watch for the reaction of the driver ahead of you.  When he or she brakes, you brake.  Still keep a safe following distance from the car in front of you because you will need to brake more slowly on a slippery road to avoid skidding.  

Do not brake suddenly

Sudden braking may cause a skid.  If skidding occurs, remain calm and steer straight till until you feel the car regain traction.  

Correctly defog your windows

The windows on your car might fog, further limiting you visibility.  To defog, keep your air conditioning blowing at both your windshield and your back window.  If your car has a defog function, just press the button, and defogging should start automatically.

In the case you get into a car accident causing injuries, Dr. Ted and his team are here to help you. Simply give us a call at 702-277-1371 and we will get you on the road to recovery.  

Call (702) 277-1371 to schedule your appointment today!

Studies show the best therapy for headaches is CHIROPRACTIC

STUDY PUBLISHED BY THE SPINE JOURNAL, CONCLUDING REGULAR VISITS TO THE CHIROPRACTOR HELPS REDUCE HEADACHE FREQUENCIES BY HALF 

The Spine Journal 2018 Feb 23.  pii S1529-9430 (18) 30077-9. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2018.02.019. [Epub ahead of print]

Dose-response and efficacy of spinal manipulation for care of cervicogenic headache: a dual-center randomized controlled trial. 

Haas M, Bronfort G, Evanse R, Sculz C, Vavrek D, Takaki L, Hanson L, Leininger B, Neradliek MB

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The optimal number of visits for the care of cervicogenic headache (CGH) with spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is unknown.  

PURPOSE: To identify the dose-response relationship between visits for SMT and chronic

CGH outcomes; to evaluate the efficacy of SMT by comparison with light massage control.  

STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Two-site, open-label randomized controlled trial.  

PATIENT SAMPLE: Participants were 256 adults with chronic CGH

OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was days with CGH in the prior 4 weeks evaluated at the 12- and 24-week primary endpoints.  Secondary outcomes included CGH days at remaining endpoints, pain intensity, disability, perceived improvement, medication use, and patient satisfaction.  

METHODS: Participants were randomized to 4 dose levels of chiropractic SMT: 0, 6, 12, 18 sessions.  They were treated 3 times per week for 6 weeks and received a focused light- massage control at sessions when SMT was not assigned.  Linear dose effects and comparisons to the no-manipulation control group were evaluated at 6, 12, 24, 39, and 52 weeks.  This study was funded by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R01AT006330) and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01530321).  The authors declared no conflicts of interests.  

RESULTS: A linear dose-response was observed for all follow-ups, a reduction of approximately 1 CGH day/4 weeks per additional 6 SMT visits (p < .05); a maximal effective dose could not be determined.  CGH days/4 weeks were reduced from about 16 to 8 for the highest and most effective dose of 18 SMT visits.  Mean differences in CGH days/ 4 weeks between 18 SMT visits and control were -3.3 (p = .004) and -2.9 (p = .017) at the primary endpoints, and similar in magnitude at the remaining endpoints ( p < .05).  Differences between other SMT does and control were smaller in magnitude (p > .05).  CGH intensity showed no important improvement nor differed by dose.  Other secondary outcomes were generally supportive of the primary.  

CONCLUSION: There was a linear dose-response relationship between SMT visits and days with CGH.  For the highest and most effective dose of 18 SMT visits, CGH days were reduced by half, and about 3 more days per month than for the light-massage control.  

Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 

Call (702) 277-1371 to schedule your appointment today!

Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Provides Further Support for Spinal Manipulation for Acute Low Back Pain

JAMA Study Provides Further Support for Spinal Manipulation for Acute Low Back Pain

A new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) adds to a growing body of recent research supporting the use of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) as a first line treatment for acute low back pain, according to the American Chiropractic Association (ACA).

The review examined randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and other published research since 2011 to determine the effectiveness and safety of SMT for low back pain patients.  Researchers found that spinal manipulation was associated with statistically significant improvements in pain and function for up to six weeks with no serious adverse side effects. The JAMAstudy, published April 11, comes on the heels of new low back pain treatment guidelines by the American College of Physicians (ACP) that recommend first using non-invasive, non-drug treatments, including spinal manipulation, before resorting to drug therapies.

“As the nation struggles to overcome the opioid crisis, research supporting non-drug treatments for pain should give patients and health care providers confidence that there are options that help avoid the risks and dependency associated with prescription medications,” said ACA President David Herd, DC.

Just last month, ACA’s House of Delegates formally approved a resolution to adopt ACP’s low back pain treatment guidelines, in conjunction with chiropractic-specific guidelines from the Clinical Compass. The Clinical Compass guidelines focus on the management or co-management of low-back pain patients within a chiropractic office.

“By identifying and adopting guidelines that ACA believes reflect best practices based on the best available scientific evidence on low back pain, we hope not only to enhance outcomes but also to create greater consensus regarding patient care among chiropractors, other health care providers, payers and policy makers,” added Dr. Herd.

According to a 2016 Gallup survey, more than 35 million people visit a chiropractor annually. Widely known for their expertise in spinal manipulation, chiropractors practice a hands-on, drug-free approach to health care focused on disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Chiropractors are trained to diagnose and manage cases of back pain and refer patients to appropriate medical specialists when necessary.

SCHEDULE TO SEE DR. TED FOR A FREE SPINAL CONSULTATION

CHIROPRACTED, LLC
8560 SOUTH EASTERN AVE

SUITE 150
LAS VEGAS, NV 89123
(702)-277-1371

Written by the American Chiropractic Association is the largest professional association in the United States representing doctors of chiropractic. ACA promotes the highest standards of ethics and patient care, contributing to the health and well-being of millions of chiropractic patients. 

Chiropractic and Stress

Stress

Not all stress is bad. A 30-minute workout at the gym for a fit 21-year old is good stress. The same workout for your 60-year old grandfather would likely be bad stress!

Instead of fainting or going unconscious, think of a vertebral subluxation as your body's attempt at managing stress

Physical Stress

Repetitive motions (painting a wall), postural distortions (falling asleep with your neck twisted) and whiplash injuries from a car accident are physical stresses. So are slips and falls. Or even sitting in front of a computer all day, or looking down at your hand held devices.  Even being born!

Chemical Stress

Today’s environment constantly assaults us with chemicals. Drugs, preservatives, tobacco, alcohol, pollen and a host of other substances can affect our nervous system and muscle tone.

Mental Stress

Ever faced an impossible deadline at work? Or grieved the loss of a loved one? Notice the posture of someone who is depressed. Frustration, or a sense of powerlessness at work are common forms of emotional stress.When your body reacts by “tripping a circuit breaker” and causing vertebral subluxation, chiropractic care may help.

Stress can’t be eliminated, but regular maintenance chiropractic care may help you better accommodate and adapt to it. Give us a call at (702) 277-1371. Check out our website at:  http://www.chiropracted.com

TOP 8 REASONS CHIROPRACTIC IS THE BEST TREATMENT FOR AUTO INJURIES

TOP 8 REASONS WHY CHIROPRACTIC IS THE BEST TREATMENT FOR CAR ACCIDENTS

BY: TEDDY SIM, DC

1. Chiropractic alleviates localized pain

Thousands of studies have demonstrated that chiropractic adjustments are a safe and effective way to reduce pain.  In fact, a 2013  study found that 94%  of patients experienced neck pain relief with spinal manipulative therapy.  

2. Chiropractic relieves stress

Car accidents are very stressful, especially if you are in pain.  When you body is exposed to trauma, it goes into flight of fight response, which results in anxiety, depression and stress.  A 2011 used PET scans to look at the brains of people who received chiropractic adjustments for neck pain. They found that those patients had reduced brain activity in the parts of the brain responsible for pain processing and stress reactions.  They also had significantly lower levels of cortisol, indicating reduced stress.  Participants also reported lower pain scores and a better quality of life after treatment.  Reducing you overall level of stress is important, because, left untreated, stress can also slow recover time  and increase your risk to develop chronic pain.  

3. Chiropractic reduces pain in your whole body

Many car accident patients develop more widespread pain after a crash, especially if the original injury was not treated in a timely manner.  A 2014 study reports that people who received chiropractic treatment had increased levels of pain reducing hormones in their bloodstream.  

4. Chiropractic reduces inflammation

During a car accident, the ligaments and muscles that make up your spine can be stretched or experience micro-tears.  With tissue damage to any area in the body, inflammation will occur.  Many times, an auto injury patient will not feel much discomfort immediately after the crash.  However, it is very common these car accident patients wake up to stiffness and pain in the neck and back the next morning.  This is caused by the body's inflammation response to micro-lesions.  

A 2010 study found that chiropractic adjustments actually help the body to release anti-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6), an important substance created by your body that is used to help acute injuries.  

Call (702) 277-1371 to schedule your appointment today!

5. Chiropractic restores motion

Inflammation causes tissues to become less mobile, which can slow healing time to the body.  Ligaments of the spine do not get many nutrients or blood supply normally, and this becomes even more difficult when inflamed and injured.  During a chiropractic adjustment, the joints of your spine are mobilized, which help increase blood flow and healing nutrients to the area

6. Chiropractic reduces scar tissue

Your body heals ligament, tendon and muscle injuries by creating scar tissue.  Scar tissue in an injured area is made up of the same kind of cells as the original tissue, but it's laid down rapidly and randomly as a temporary "patch" on top of the damaged area.  If you get a scar tissue in a large muscle, it can be uncomfortable for a while until you stretch it out, but it most likely won't cause any long term problems.  Scar tissue in the ligaments of the neck and back, however, can be much more debilitating, since we can not stretch it out ourselves.  Chiropractors focus on the adjustment on these specific vertebral joints that are fixated, effectively stretching them and breaking up the scar tissue in the joint.  

7. Chiropractic WORKS!

Researchers have recognized that chiropractic therapy is a great way to help people recover from auto injuries for many decades.  In 1996, British researchers found that 93% of auto injury patients with neck pain experienced dramatic improvement with chiropractic care.  In 2015, an Ontario, Canada government group agreed that spinal manipulation, combined with staying active and continuing to work, are the most important factors in recovering quickly from car crash injuries.  

8. EARLY CHIROPRACTIC CARE PREVENTS CHRONIC PAIN

Research from 2000-2003 found that car accident patients who go early treatment focused on mobilizing the injured area recovered faster and head fewer residual symptoms from the collision.  Chiropractic adjustments get the joints in your spine moving the way they are suppose to, helping prevent chronic pain.    

If you have been in juried in a car crash, you do not have to suffer from chronic pain.  Chiropractic is a great way to help your body heal from all kinds of injuries.  

SCHEDULE TO SEE DR. TED FOR A FREE SPINAL CONSULTATION

CHIROPRACTED, LLC
8560 SOUTH EASTERN AVE

SUITE 150
LAS VEGAS, NV 89123
(702)-277-1371

References

• Roy RA, Boucher JP, Comtois AS. Inflammatory response following a short-term course of chiropractic treatment in subjects with and without chronic low back pain. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine 2010;9(3):107-14.
• Masaracchio M, et al. Short-term combined effects of thoracic spine thrust manipulation and cervical spine nonthrust manipulation in individuals with mechanical neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 2013;43(3):118-27.
• Plaza-Manzano, G, et al. Changes in biochemical markers of pain perception and stress response after spinal manipulation. Journal Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 2014;44(4):231-9.
• Ogura T, Tashiro M, Masud M, Watanuki S, et al. Cerebral metabolic changes in men after chiropractic spinal manipulation for neck pain. Alternative Therapies 2011;17(6):12-7.
• Woodward MN, Cook JCH, Gargan MF, Bannister GC. Chiropractic treatment of chronic ‘whiplash’ injuries. Injury: International Journal of the Care of the Injured 1996;27(9):643-645.
• Wong JJ, Côté P, Shearer HM, Carroll LJ, Yu H, Varatharajan S, Southerst D, van der Velde G, Jacobs C, Taylor-Vaisey A. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of conditions related to traffic collisions: a systematic review by the OPTIMa Collaboration. Disability & Rehabilitation 2015;37(6):471-89.
• Rosenfeld M, Gunnarsson R, Borenstein P. Early intervention in whiplash-associated disorders: a comparison of two treatment protocols. Spine 2000; 25(14): :1782-7.
• Rosenfeld M, Seferiadis A, Carlsson J,and Gunnarsson R. Active intervention in patients with whiplash-associated disorders. Spine 2003; 28(22):2491-8.